Lack Of Monetary Aid Creates Socioeconomic Problems For...

The cycle of poverty is a powerful weapon and those who are close or below the line of poverty are trapped in this vicious cycle. The viciousness of poverty is a universal problem, every country as to deal with poverty, but some people are more vulnerable than others to become victims of poverty. Often times society makes it appear as if people want to be poor because there are countless opportunities but this is not so. By just being close to the poverty line means limited access to jobs. There has been a scarcity of jobs because most of which have moved overseas for cheaper labor; or those which have been replaced by technology, or have been shut down such the automotive business. The lack of monetary aid creates socioeconomic problems for the poor. The poor face issues such as lack of effective resources and stable infrastructure of those children that attend schools in poor areas. There are many people that are unaware of the predicament of the poor. It is therefore my aim to en lighten the reader that the cycle of poverty is extremely difficult to escape, especially when they are faced with the above mentioned problems. The odds are against those in poverty and despite the numerous improvements in society that there is an extreme gap between the poor and the top one percent. Writer Eli Khamarov states, â€Å"Poverty is like punishment for a crime you did not commit.† No one wants to be poor and why should they be punished for being a part of a certain social class and race.Show MoreRelatedGentrification And Its Effects On Contemporary Urban Areas1381 Words   |  6 Pagesdisplacing low-income families and small businesses,† (dictionary.com, n.d.). People who argues for gentrification reasoned that it will help the poor neighborhoods grow financially, allows for people of different racial, ethnic, and class background to come together to intermingle. However, the dark reality of gentrification is that it destroys the neighborhood, creates further division between people, and especially, they push to marginalize the working- and low-income class. According to an article byRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Society1352 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is a current social problem that is relevant to American society. Being an impoverished individual in this society places the individual and his or her family at a major disadvantage. According to the United States Census Bureau, 45.3 million American citizens lived in poverty in 2013. Poverty has an impact on society as well as the individual. Higher rates of poverty could lead to higher criminal activity. Individuals who are not sufficiently financially supported will most likely turn toRead More Black Reparation: Social Justice through the visibility of the Black narrative1901 Words   |  8 PagesBlacks still suffer from the legacy of slavery. In addition, we must analyze his argument for Black reparation. To comprehend the impact of reparation we must assess the effects of it in the Black community; thus we must analyze how reparation can both aid and hurt the Black communi ty. By taking these steps, we look at the arguments about reparation with a critical eye. To understand Walter’s claim for reparation we must first understand his view on the effects of the legacy of slavery and its cascadingRead MoreSocioeconomic Status Essay3746 Words   |  15 PagesSocioeconomic Status and Child Development Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the most widely studied constructs in the social sciences. Several ways of measuring SES have been proposed, but most include some quantification of family income, parental education, and occupational status. Research shows that SES is associated with a wide variety of health, cognitive, and socioemotional outcomes in children, with effects beginning prior to birth and continuing into adulthood. A variety of mechanismsRead MoreThe Benefits of Progressive Taxation Essays1939 Words   |  8 Pagesflat tax, everyone paid the exact same tax. If a citizen did not pay the tax, he or she would be sent outside the city which was likely a death sentence. For the vast majority of people, this tax was their greatest burden and caused terrible social problems. For centuries, ancient Athenians explored this issue and discovered a moral insight; there is no economic gain without civilization. Wealth, whether in the form of property or a business, cannot exis t in a state of anarchy because others can justRead MoreRecommendation On Welfare Reform Essay3998 Words   |  16 Pagesbenefit people in every socioeconomic class, but for the purposes of this paper, we will refer to welfare as government aid to the poor. Although there are many other kinds of government welfare (social security, tax deductions, etc.), our main concern is to address the problem of poverty, and to remedy the tendency of certain groups to become trapped in its vicious cycle. The authors of this paper believe that the problem of welfare is, in fact, the problem of poverty. This problem cannot be understoodRead MoreImpact of Foreign Aid on Poverty and Economic Development in Nigeria16050 Words   |  65 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION This project focuses on the poverty profile in Nigeria, the foreign aids given to the nation to help alleviate poverty and how it affects the economic development of Nigeria. According to the World Bank website, â€Å"poverty is hunger. It is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. It is not being able to go to school, not knowing how to read, and not being able to speak properly. Poverty is not having a job, and is fear for the future, andRead MoreEssay on Honduras2430 Words   |  10 PagesMercyhurst University The Dynamics of One Community: Honduras Honduras is a country formed by different types of cultures, both indigenous and city cultures. Even though this is the case, this small Central American country is affected by the same social problems as a whole. In order to understand Honduras’ present, it is important to know some history of the country that have influenced how Honduran society is today. Honduras was part of Spain’s empire during colonialism, causing the country to lose mostRead MoreThe Rates Of Teen Pregnancy Essay3072 Words   |  13 Pagesevery 1,000 adolescent females ages 15-19, or 273,105 babies born to females in this age group.1 Young, minority women between the ages of 15 and 24 appear to be at greater risk for becoming pregnant. Minority populations are also linked with low socioeconomic status, whether in terms of education or income, or both. Having low income and lower levels of education (the most commonly used measures of SES) were also associated with increased risk for unintended pr egnancies, with 62% of pregnancies beingRead MoreImpact of Globalization on Pakistan Economy8194 Words   |  33 Pagesmasses. In this background, globalization stands out both as the burning global and national current economic issue from the point of view of development of Pakistan. Pakistan’s ever-continuing status as a low income country, along with her serious problems of unsustainable economic growth performance and perpetual debt crises which have culminated into growing stagflation and increasing incidence of poverty even in the contemporary regime of globalization, has become a prime cause of the widespread

John Stuart Mill s On Liberty And Utilitarianism Essay

This essay examines and inspects liberty and order conflict based on the writings of philosopher John Stuart Mill, titled On Liberty and Utilitarianism. We will discuss how his philosophical views on equality as fundamental to what it means to be human. We will interpret John Stuart Mill’s theorist view on equality as fundamental to the good or bad functioning of the state? The question and debate we would also raise will be, is equality be integral the arrangements of power? Lastly, we would argue the theorist’s approach to liberty fundamentally influenced the way we view equality in the 21st century. In John Stuart Mill works of On Liberty, the piece focuses and concerns common and social freedom or, to take a gander at it from the opposite perspective, the nature and points of confinement of the power that can honest to goodness be practiced by society over the person. In John Stuart Mill works of Utilitarianism, it offers a possibility for a first standard of ethical quality, a rule that gives us a model recognizing good and bad. The utilitarian applicant is the guideline of utility. We will convey works from both pieces and examine his theoretical/ philosophical values of equality. Despite the fact that all may have concurred that an activity s results for the general satisfaction and happiness were to direct its rightness or misleading quality, the explanations for the acknowledgment of that guideline and the utilizations to which the rule was put changedShow MoreRelatedJohn Forbes Nash Jr.912 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Forbes Nash Jr. and John Stuart Mill were both very important economist. John Forbes Nash Jr. was an American mathematician, and an economist. John Mill was a British Philosopher, economist, moral and political theorist, and was the most influential English-speaking philosopher in the nineteenth century. John Forbes Nash Jr. and John Stuart Mill were both very intelligent as young children. John Stuart Mill learned to read as a toddler and began to study Latin at the age of three. John ForbesRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill on Classical Liberalism and Modern Liberalism2119 Words   |  9 PagesJohn Stuart Mill was a classical liberal thinker and believed, through the influence of his father, that man deserved to live a life that promoted the greatest amount of happiness with limited government intervention. Mill grew up with the belief that there was no God and therefore believed that man is born inherently good; government should be limited to allow individuals to make their own decisions from their inherently good instincts; economic freedom provided individuals with the protection ofRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill : An Influential Philosopher Of The 19th Century1252 Words   |  6 PagesTierra Myers Mr. Berkoben English IV 26 October 2016 John Stuart Mill Not only did Harriet Burrow give birth to a son but also the most influential philosopher of the 19th century. Exploring the life of as well as evaluate the work of and examine the impact of John Stuart Mill gives us as readers and understanding of why this man deserves this title. Born May 20, 1806, John Stuart Mill became the son of James and Harriet Burrow. As a child he faced multiple struggles; being the only child meantRead MoreUtilitarianism and Omelas Applying John Stuart Mills Utilitarianism to Ursula Le Guins The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas1220 Words   |  4 Pagesreasons in which a follower of John Stuart Mill s Utilitarianism would disagree with the events taking place in Ursula Le Guin s The One s Who Walk Away from Omelas. The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness (Mill 55). This is how Mill first presents the idea of Utilitarianism. If it promotes happiness itRead MoreOn Liberty1318 Words   |  6 PagesOn John Stuart Mill’s production On Liberty has not only became one of the most widely known political and philosophical writing, but also produces one of the fundamental political questions on finding the balance in between liberty, democracy and authority. Although Mill’s writing was deeply influenced by Bentham’s Utilitarianism philosophy, Mill’s theory in On Liberty emphasized more around the value of individuality, equality and liberty (Donner, 1991; Skorupski, 1998). All three elements focusedRead More Immanuel Kants Ethics Of Pure Duty and John Stuart Mills Utilitarian Ethics Of J ustice2753 Words   |  12 PagesFor The Metaphysics of Morals and John Stuart Mills Utilitarianism Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who addressed the issues of morality in terms of how moral traditions are formed. Immanuel Kant has presented one viewpoint in The Grounding For The Metaphysics of Morals that is founded on his belief that the worth of man is inherent in his ability to reason. John Stuart Mill holds another opinion as presented in the book, Utilitarianism that is seemingly in contentionRead MoreUse Of Consequentialism, Desire Satisfaction Theory And Objective List Theory1345 Words   |  6 PagesConsequentialism is an approach to Ethics that argues that the morality of an action is reliant on the action s consequence (Mastin, 2008). This theory is based on two main principles, first, that the rightness or wrongness of an act depends solely on the results of it and secondly, that the better act is the one that produces more good as a consequence. What is meant by consequence here is everything that a certain action brings about, including the action itself. The good end required by an actionRead MoreMill vs. Bentham2787 Words   |  12 PagesIn what ways did John Stuart Mills version of utilitarianism differ from that of Jeremy Bentham? Which do you consider preferable? The Cambridge International Dictionary of English defines utilitarianism as the system of thought which states that the best action or decision in a particular situation is the one which most benefits the most people. This is the main idea of the system of thought and it is from this the beliefs and opinions of John Stuart Mill (1806 - 1873), Jeremy Bentham (1748Read MoreThe Differences in John Stuart Mills and Jeremy Benthams Versions of Utilitarianism2151 Words   |  9 PagesThe Differences in John Stuart Mills and Jeremy Benthams Versions of Utilitarianism In what ways did John Stuart Mills version of utilitarianism differ from that of Jeremy Bentham? Which do you consider preferable? The Cambridge International Dictionary of English defines utilitarianism as the system of thought which states that the best action or decision in a particular situation is the one which most benefits the most people. This is the main idea of the system of thought and it isRead MoreThe Energy Cooperative1800 Words   |  8 Pagesam calling as a director of The Energy Cooperative.† The following paper will analyze the ethical issues surrounding the use of such a statement from five different ethical theories. These particular theories come from Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, John Locke, John Rawls, and Lawrence Kohlberg. Finally, there will be a solution that the board should take with the issue, ethical, or otherwise. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) had an ethical theory dubbed the Categorical Imperative. Within this theory

Organization Structure and Control System free essay sample

MNC,but many firms do not follow the stages model because they start their internationalization at a higher level of involvement ,perhaps a full-blown global joint venture without ever having exported for example,even mature MNC’s must make structural changes sometimes for example the reorganization of Aluminum Company of America(Alcoa) for example split the company into smaller,more autonomous units,thereby giving more focus to growing businesses such as automotive products where the market of aluminum is strong. The typical ways in which firms organize their international activities are shown in the following list: -Domestic structure plus export department: Many firms especially smaller ones start their international involvement by exporting,they may reorganize into a simple domestic structure plus export department. -Domestic structure plus foreign subsidiary: Some firms take a further step toward world wide operations by reorganizing into a domestic structure plus foreign subsidiary,this structure works well for companies with one or a few subsidiaries located relatively close to headquarters. -International division: With market expansion the firm may then decide to specialize by creating an international division,organized along functional,product,or geographic lines. -Global functional structure: To respond to increased product diversification and to maximize benefitsfrom both domestic and foreign operations ,a firm may choose to replace its international division with an integrated global structure. -Global product structure: For companies with diversified product or service lines and that are aimed at dissimilar or dispersed markets, a global product (divisional) structure may be more strategically advantageous than a functional structure. In this structure, a single product or product line has its own separate division, headed by its own general manager, and which is responsible for its own production and sales functions. Often each division is a strategic business unit (SBU) or a self-contained business with its own functional departments and accounting systems. -Matrix structure: The structure is developed to combine geographic support for both global integration and local responsiveness,also it can be used to take advantage of personnel skills and experience shared across both functional and divisional structures. In the matrix structure the lines of responsibility are drawn both vertically and horizontally. * Organizing For Globalization A firm’s structural choices always involve two opposing forces: the need for differentiation (focusing on and specializing in specific markets) and the need for integration (coordinating those same markets). The way a firm is organized along the differentiation-integration continuum determines how well strategies, along the localization-globalization continuum, are implemented. A globalization strategy treats the world as one market by using a standardized approach to products and markets. IBM is an example of a company reorganizing to achieve globalization. They are moving away from a geographic structure toward the use of centralized industry expert teams. A globalization strategy usually involves rationalization and the development of strategic alliances. To achieve rationalization, managers must choose the manufacturing location for each product based on where the best combination of cost, quality, and technology can be attained. This means different parts and components are often produced in different countries and that product design and marketing are essentially the same in all markets. As such, differentiation and specialization in local markets is minimized. Another risk associated with globalization is exposure to volatility from all corners of the globe. In their rush to get on the globalization bandwagon,many firms hsve sacrified the ability to respond to local market structures and consumer preferences. Managers are now realizing that depending on the type of products,markets,and so forth-a compromise must be made along the globalization-regionalization continuum,and they are experimenting with various structural configurations to â€Å"be global and act local† Levi Strauss is an example of a company attempting to maximize the advantage of different structural configurations. Levi Strauss gives foreign managers freedom to adjust their tactics to meet the changing tastes of their home markets. Additionally, although the company maintains centralized control of some aspects of the business, it decentralizes control to its foreign subsidiaries. The subsidiaries are supplied by a global manufacturing network. As such, Levi Strauss achieves local coordination and the flexibility to respond to ever-changing fashion trends and fads in denim shading. Procter amp; Gamble a well known global consumer products company is succeeding with its global-local four pillars structure. In January 2006, Gillette India announced merger plans with Proctor and Gamble (Pamp;G) India. Even though it would remain a separate legal entity, Gillette intended to take Pamp;G’s structure as a means of increasing reach, cost efficiencies, speed to market, and growth momentum. Pamp;G’s structure is divided into three heads: GBU(Global business units), MDO(Market development organizations), GBS(Global business services). Gillette will move form business units based on geographic regions to GBUs based on product lines. MDOs will develop market strategies to build business based on local knowledge. GBS will bring together business activities such as accounting, human resource systems, order management, and information technology. Pamp;G is the only consumer products company with global shared services, all supported by innovative corporate functions. Companies are increasingly abandoning rigid structures in an attempt to be more flexible and responsive to the dynamic global environment. Some of the ways they are adabting are by transitioning to formats known as: -Interorganizational Networks: MNC linkages with different companies, subsidiaries, suppliers, and individuals result in relational networks. These networks may adopt very different structures of their own because they operate in different local contexts within their own national environment. -The Global E-Corporation Network Structure: The organizational structure for global e-business ,in particular for physical products,typically involves a network of virtual e-exchanges and â€Å"bricks and mortar† services. Such a structure combines some global and some local functions. Centralized e-exchanges for logistics,supplies,and customers could be housed anywhere,suppliers manufacturers, and distributors may be in various countries, separately or together, wherever efficiencies of scale and cost may be realized. The final distribution system and customer interaction must be tailored to the customer-location physical infrastructure and payment infrastructure, as well as local regulations and languages. The end result should be efficiency and cost effectiveness throughout the chain. Dell is an example of a company that uses the global e-corporation network structure. -The Transnational Corporation (TNC) Network Structure: To address the globalization-localization dilemma,firms that have evolved through the multinational form and the global company seek the advantages of horizontal organization in the pursuit of transnational capability-that is the ability to manage across national boundaries,retaining flexibility while achieving global integration. This capability involves linking foreign operations to each other and to headquartes in a flexible way,thereby leveraging local and central capabilities. Choice Of Organizational Form Two major issues in choosing the structure and design of an organization are the opportunities and need for (1) globalization and (2) localization. As the company progresses through various stages from domestic to transnational the organizational structure must be adapted to accommodate changes in relative focus on globalization versus l ocalization, choosing a global product structure, a geographic area structure, or perhaps a matrix form. Signs of organizational inefficiency or any major organizational change usually indicate the organizational structure must change as well. However ,other,less obvious indications of organizational inefficiency also signal a need for structural changes: Conflicts between overseas units and headquarters staff,conflicts among divisions and subsdiaries over territories or customers,complaints regarding over seas customer service,and overlapping responsabilities,a change in the size of corporation,a change I key individuals,a failure to meet goals,an inability to get things done on time,a shift in the operational scope,duplication of administrative personnel and services†¦.. The best organizational structure is the one that facilitates the firm’s goals and is appropriate to its industry,size,technology,and competitive environment. Idelly a company tries to organize in a way that will allow it to carry out its strategic goals,the staffing is then done to mesh with those strategic goals and the way the organizational structure has been set up. In reality, though, the result is likely to be trade-off between the desired strategy and existing constraints. * Control Systems For Global Operations To complement the organizational structure,the international managers must design efficient coordinating and reporting systems to ensure that actual performance conforms to expected organizational standards and goals. The design and application of coordinating and reporting systems for foreign subsdiaries and activities can take any form that management wishes. MNC’s usually emply a variety of direct and indirect coordinating and control mechanisms suitable for their organization structure. -Direct Coordinating Mechanisms: Direct mechanisms that provide the basis for the overall guidance and management of foreign operations include the design of apopropriate structures and the use of effective staffing practices. They proactively set the stage for operations to meet goals, rather than troubleshooting problems after they occur. When McDonald’s first opened in Moscow in 1990, they anticipated their biggest challenge would be quality control of food products. In response to this challenge, they adopted a strategy of vertical integration for sourcing raw materials and built a large plant in Moscow to process beef, milk, buns, vegetables, sauces, and potatoes. The company also sent Russian managers for five months of training in Canada. Other direct mechanisms are visits by head-office personnel and regular meetings to allow employees around the world to consult and troubleshoot. -Indirect Coordinating Mechanisms: Indirect coordinating mechanisms include sales quotas,budgets,and other financial tools as well as feedback reports,which give information about the sales and financial performance of the s,which give information about the sales and financial performance of the subsidiary for the last quarter of year. Managing Effective Monitoring Systems Management practices, local constraints, and expectations regarding authority, time, and communication are some of the variables likely to affect the appropriateness of monitoring (or control) systems. The degree to which headquarters’ practices and goals are transferable may depend on whether top managers are from the head office, the host country, or a third country. Information systems and evaluation variables must all be considered when deciding on appropriate systems. Research by Ueno and Sekaran indicates that individualism may lead US managers to use more formal communication and coordination processes, whereas Japanese managers may be more likely to use informal and implicit processes. Likewise, because US managers are often evaluated on individual performance, they are more likely than their Japanese counterparts to build slack into budget calculations. Reporting systems require sophisticated information systems to enable them to work properly. Managers must receive accurate and timely information about sales, production, and financial results to be able to compare actual performance with goals and take corrective action when necessary. Research by Neghandi and Welge indicates that US companies use far more specific functional reports than do German or Japanese MNCs. Accuracy and timeliness of informational systems are often imperfect—especially in less developed countries. Problems may stem from false information provided by governments, differences in work norms, and inadequate technology. An additional problem is the difficulty of comparing performance data across various countries because of the variables that make that information appear different—which hinders the evaluation process. To combat some of these problems, some companies are taking advantage of the Internet to create Internet MIS systems for supply-chain management. It can be difficult to evaluate the performance of foreign affiliates because performance data is not necessarily comparable across countries. For example, factors like considerable inflation, which is beyond the manager’s ontrol, can have a downward effect on profitability. It is possible, though, that this manager may have done more to maximize opportunities for long-term profitability relative to a manager in a country with less inflation problems. One way to ensure meaningful comparison is to adjust financial statements for uncontrollable variables particular to each country where a subsidiary is located. Another way is to t ake nonfinancial measures into account. These include market share, productivity, sales, relations with the host country government, public image, employee morale, union relations, and community involvement.

The Courageous Travler Essays - Odyssey, Ulysses, Telemachus, Alfred

The Courageous Travler Lord Alferd Tennyson presents to us in the poem ?Ulysses? an old sailor, a warrior and a king who is in retrospection on his experiences of a lifetime of travel. Ulysses old age and strong will causes him to be restless and unable to be comfortable at home. He chooses a life of travel over his family because that is what he knows best. Because of his faults, we identify with his character. As a result, Ulysses attempts to go on to face a new but familiar journey, not knowing if it would be his last. By connecting with Ulysses' courage he awakens the heroic spirit in all of us. At home Ulysses is unable to adjust to old age. Regardless of his physical body he feels his spirit is still longing for travel. He feels as though his wife is too old, and he governs the people with no respect, ?Matched with an aged wife, I mete and dole / Unequal laws unto a savage race, / That hord, and sleep, and feed, and know not of me?(3-5). Ulysses condescends his own son by describing his timidness to rule the people and how his son is more capable of the common duties. Ulysses boasts with a sense of superiority in trying to reassure himself. This is my son, mine own Telemachus, / To whom I leave the scepter and the isle- / Well-loved of me, discerning to fulfill / This labor, by slow prudence to make mild / A rugged people, and through soft degrees / Subdue them to the useful and the good. / Most blameless is he, centered in the sphere / Of common duties, decent not to fail / In offices of tenderness, and pay / Meet adoration to my household gods, / When I am gone. He works his work, I mine (33-43). Being a life long traveler prevented Ulysses from learning any of the responsibilities of being a father and a husband. Instead, he was traveling abroad consoling with kings, generals and gods, traveling to ?cities of men / And manners, climates, councils, governments?(13-14). The only thing he gained from his travels was the unending quest for more. Retiring home is an unsatisfying dull life, which is impossible for Ulysses bear. After all the battles and fame he has won Ulysses realizes his old age and feels required to ?pause, to make and end, / To rust unburnished, not to shine in use! / As though to breathe were life!?(22-24) Ulysses reveals on lines 25-31, his old age and fear of dying, but rejects death's attempt to muscle its way into his life. Were all too little, and of one to me Little remains; but every hour is saved From that eternal silence, something more, A bringer of new things; and vile it were For some three suns to store and hoard myself, And this grey spirit yearning in desire To follow knowledge like a sinking star, Ulysses directs the next verse toward his mariners, who have been with him through the bad times unlike his wife who was unable to. ?Souls that have toiled, and wrought, and thought with me-?(46). At this point both the bad and the good side of Ulysses can be identified and we are called to join in on the final journey ...Come my friends, ?Tis not too late to seek a newer world. Push off, and sitting well in order smite The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths Of all the western stars, until I die. It may be the gulfs will wash us down: It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles (56-61). Tennyson seals the bond to the readers and gives us a since of connection to Ulysses courageous mission. We are left with the encouraging Idea that no matter how old we might be physically the soul lives on. We are not now that strength which in old days Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are- One of equal temper of heroic hearts, Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield (66-70). This awakens the hero at heart for everyone and makes us feel proud and motivated to take on life. Poetry and